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          <span data-v-4e82dffc>2021-9-1 - </span>
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        </a></span></div></div> <div data-v-1156296a><main class="page"><section><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">Go语言内置包之strconv</h1> <div data-v-1ff7123e><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-1ff7123e><span data-v-1ff7123e>小狐</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-1ff7123e><span data-v-1ff7123e>9/12/2021</span></i> <!----> <i class="tags iconfont reco-tag" data-v-1ff7123e><span class="tag-item" data-v-1ff7123e>GO</span></i></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><h1 id="go语言内置包之strconv"><a href="#go语言内置包之strconv" class="header-anchor">#</a> Go语言内置包之strconv</h1> <p>Go语言中<code>strconv</code>包实现了基本数据类型和其字符串表示的相互转换。</p> <h1 id="strconv包"><a href="#strconv包" class="header-anchor">#</a> strconv包</h1> <p>strconv包实现了基本数据类型与其字符串表示的转换，主要有以下常用函数： <code>Atoi()</code>、<code>Itoa()</code>、parse系列、format系列、append系列。</p> <p>更多函数请查看<a href="https://golang.org/pkg/strconv/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官方文档<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。</p> <h2 id="string与int类型转换"><a href="#string与int类型转换" class="header-anchor">#</a> string与int类型转换</h2> <p>这一组函数是我们平时编程中用的最多的。</p> <h3 id="atoi"><a href="#atoi" class="header-anchor">#</a> Atoi()</h3> <p><code>Atoi()</code>函数用于将字符串类型的整数转换为int类型，函数签名如下。</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">Atoi</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token builtin">error</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>如果传入的字符串参数无法转换为int类型，就会返回错误。</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code>s1 <span class="token operator">:=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;100&quot;</span>
i1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Atoi</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> err <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token boolean">nil</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;can't convert to int&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;type:%T value:%#v\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//type:int value:100</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><h3 id="itoa"><a href="#itoa" class="header-anchor">#</a> Itoa()</h3> <p><code>Itoa()</code>函数用于将int类型数据转换为对应的字符串表示，具体的函数签名如下。</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">Itoa</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>示例代码如下：</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code>i2 <span class="token operator">:=</span> <span class="token number">200</span>
s2 <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Itoa</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i2<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;type:%T value:%#v\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//type:string value:&quot;200&quot;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h3 id="a的典故"><a href="#a的典故" class="header-anchor">#</a> a的典故</h3> <p>【扩展阅读】这是C语言遗留下的典故。C语言中没有string类型而是用字符数组(array)表示字符串，所以<code>Itoa</code>对很多C系的程序员很好理解。</p> <h2 id="parse系列函数"><a href="#parse系列函数" class="header-anchor">#</a> Parse系列函数</h2> <p>Parse类函数用于转换字符串为给定类型的值：ParseBool()、ParseFloat()、ParseInt()、ParseUint()。</p> <h3 id="parsebool"><a href="#parsebool" class="header-anchor">#</a> ParseBool()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">ParseBool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token builtin">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token builtin">error</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>返回字符串表示的bool值。它接受1、0、t、f、T、F、true、false、True、False、TRUE、FALSE；否则返回错误。</p> <h3 id="parseint"><a href="#parseint" class="header-anchor">#</a> ParseInt()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">ParseInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> base <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bitSize <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token builtin">int64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token builtin">error</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>返回字符串表示的整数值，接受正负号。</p> <p>base指定进制（2到36），如果base为0，则会从字符串前置判断，”0x”是16进制，”0”是8进制，否则是10进制；</p> <p>bitSize指定结果必须能无溢出赋值的整数类型，0、8、16、32、64 分别代表 int、int8、int16、int32、int64；</p> <p>返回的err是*NumErr类型的，如果语法有误，err.Error = ErrSyntax；如果结果超出类型范围err.Error = ErrRange。</p> <h3 id="parseunit"><a href="#parseunit" class="header-anchor">#</a> ParseUnit()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">ParseUint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> base <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bitSize <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>n <span class="token builtin">uint64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token builtin">error</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><code>ParseUint</code>类似<code>ParseInt</code>但不接受正负号，用于无符号整型。</p> <h3 id="parsefloat"><a href="#parsefloat" class="header-anchor">#</a> ParseFloat()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">ParseFloat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bitSize <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>f <span class="token builtin">float64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token builtin">error</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>解析一个表示浮点数的字符串并返回其值。</p> <p>如果s合乎语法规则，函数会返回最为接近s表示值的一个浮点数（使用IEEE754规范舍入）。</p> <p>bitSize指定了期望的接收类型，32是float32（返回值可以不改变精确值的赋值给float32），64是float64；</p> <p>返回值err是*NumErr类型的，语法有误的，err.Error=ErrSyntax；结果超出表示范围的，返回值f为±Inf，err.Error= ErrRange。</p> <h3 id="代码示例"><a href="#代码示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 代码示例</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code>b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ParseBool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ParseFloat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;3.1415&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ParseInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;-2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
u<span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ParseUint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>这些函数都有两个返回值，第一个返回值是转换后的值，第二个返回值为转化失败的错误信息。</p> <h2 id="format系列函数"><a href="#format系列函数" class="header-anchor">#</a> Format系列函数</h2> <p>Format系列函数实现了将给定类型数据格式化为string类型数据的功能。</p> <h3 id="formatbool"><a href="#formatbool" class="header-anchor">#</a> FormatBool()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">FormatBool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b <span class="token builtin">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>根据b的值返回”true”或”false”。</p> <h3 id="formatint"><a href="#formatint" class="header-anchor">#</a> FormatInt()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">FormatInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token builtin">int64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> base <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>返回i的base进制的字符串表示。base 必须在2到36之间，结果中会使用小写字母’a’到’z’表示大于10的数字。</p> <h3 id="formatuint"><a href="#formatuint" class="header-anchor">#</a> FormatUint()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">FormatUint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token builtin">uint64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> base <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>是FormatInt的无符号整数版本。</p> <h3 id="formatfloat"><a href="#formatfloat" class="header-anchor">#</a> FormatFloat()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">FormatFloat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>f <span class="token builtin">float64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fmt <span class="token builtin">byte</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> prec<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bitSize <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>函数将浮点数表示为字符串并返回。</p> <p>bitSize表示f的来源类型（32：float32、64：float64），会据此进行舍入。</p> <p>fmt表示格式：’f’（-ddd.dddd）、’b’（-ddddp±ddd，指数为二进制）、’e’（-d.dddde±dd，十进制指数）、’E’（-d.ddddE±dd，十进制指数）、’g’（指数很大时用’e’格式，否则’f’格式）、’G’（指数很大时用’E’格式，否则’f’格式）。</p> <p>prec控制精度（排除指数部分）：对’f’、’e’、’E’，它表示小数点后的数字个数；对’g’、’G’，它控制总的数字个数。如果prec 为-1，则代表使用最少数量的、但又必需的数字来表示f。</p> <h3 id="代码示例-2"><a href="#代码示例-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 代码示例</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code>s1 <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">FormatBool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
s2 <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">FormatFloat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3.1415</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'E'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
s3 <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">FormatInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
s4 <span class="token operator">:=</span> strconv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">FormatUint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="header-anchor">#</a> 其他</h2> <h3 id="isprint"><a href="#isprint" class="header-anchor">#</a> isPrint()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">IsPrint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>r <span class="token builtin">rune</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">bool</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>返回一个字符是否是可打印的，和<code>unicode.IsPrint</code>一样，r必须是：字母（广义）、数字、标点、符号、ASCII空格。</p> <h3 id="canbackquote"><a href="#canbackquote" class="header-anchor">#</a> CanBackquote()</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">CanBackquote</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">bool</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>返回字符串s是否可以不被修改的表示为一个单行的、没有空格和tab之外控制字符的反引号字符串。</p> <h3 id="其他-2"><a href="#其他-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 其他</h3> <p>除上文列出的函数外，<code>strconv</code>包中还有Append系列、Quote系列等函数。具体用法可查看<a href="https://golang.org/pkg/strconv/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官方文档<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。</p></div></section> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">2021-9-2: </span> <span class="time">9/3/2021, 6:20:18 PM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/blogs/GO/go/19_go_time.html" class="prev">
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